A · Empathize Strand 1: Primary persona 1 / 35

Primary persona: [Name]

Existing product they use: a weighted base LED task lamp, bought for about [price] in [year]

Required evidenceThese images are named in the required evidence: digital images of the primary persona showing the issues they have with an existing product. Photograph the real person at the desk, at the moment the light fails them, rather than posed with the lamp.

Working at the craft desk under the current lamp

Photographing a piece, lamp shadow across it

The desk as a whole, showing where light has to reach

ASingle lamp, fixed at one corner of the desk

BShadow falls across the piece being photographed

CThree work zones, one light source

Characteristics

Age, occupation:[Age], freelance maker selling handmade goods online

Education:Art school background, self taught in photography

Access challenges or physical considerations:Works one handed for long stretches while the other hand holds the piece; reports wrist strain

Abilities and skills:Confident with hand tools and a phone camera, no training in studio lighting

Context

Physical environment:A 1.2m desk against a wall in a shared room, no ceiling light above the desk, one window to the left

Social environment:Photographs sell the work online, so buyers judge a piece by its image

Technological environment:Phone on a small tripod, laptop for editing, the existing lamp, a ring light kept in its box

Frequency and duration:Two to three hours most evenings, plus a photography session weekly

A · Empathize Strand 1: Primary persona 2 / 35

Preferences

Behaviour patterns:Works late and moves between three zones of the desk: cutting mat, sewing machine, and the corner used for photographs

What they choose and avoid:Avoids equipment that has to be set up and packed away, which is why the ring light stays boxed

Motivations

Goals:Enough light to see fine detail while making, and light good enough to photograph true colour

Concerns:Photographs come out dull and yellow, and pieces have been returned because the colour was wrong

Why this matters to them:Image quality drives sales, so lighting is a business problem as much as a comfort one

Persona at the desk, one hand holding a piece, the other repositioning the lamp

Requirements

What the product must do:Put strong, even light wherever it is needed on the desk, and be aimed or moved with one hand in seconds

Needs and opportunities from research:Repositioning without stopping work; light from above the piece; a mount that does not take desk surface

Moment of use	What goes wrong	Effect on the persona
Setting up to photograph	The head will not reach over the piece without the base entering the shot	Light comes from the side, so half the piece is in shadow
Repositioning mid-task	The weighted base needs two hands to lift, and the cable snags on tools	Work stops, and tools are knocked out of place
Fine detail work	Light arrives from one side only	The working hand casts a shadow on the exact spot being worked
All the time	The base permanently occupies a corner of a 1.2m desk	Less usable working surface in a room that has no second desk

Carry this forwardEach row here should reappear as a frame of the storyboard, and again as a numbered opportunity in the problem statement on page 10. That chain is what makes criterion B look researched rather than asserted.

A · Empathize Strand 2: Storyboard, a visual task analysis 3 / 35

Task: photographing a finished piece after dark

Persona: [Name] · Product: weighted base LED task lamp · Recorded: [date]

Annotations onlyCommunicate this visually. Every caption stays at 10 words or fewer, so it costs nothing against the 900 words criterion A has for all three strands. The task is one session at one desk, narrow enough to analyse comprehensively in three pages.

FRAME 1

Photograph

Clears desk space, sets the piece on a backdrop

FRAME 2

Photograph

Positions the phone on its tripod, checks framing

FRAME 3

Photograph

Lifts the lamp across with both hands

FRAME 4

Photograph

Angles the head, shade throws a hard shadow

A · Empathize Strand 2: Storyboard, a visual task analysis 4 / 35

FRAME 5

Photograph

Arm cannot reach over without the base showing

FRAME 6

Photograph

Test shot: yellow cast, half the piece dark

FRAME 7

Photograph

Props the lamp on books, steadies it one handed

FRAME 8

Photograph

Reshoots twice, keeps the least bad image

A · Empathize Strand 2: Issues revealed by the task 5 / 35

Close up of frame 5: the base entering the camera frame

Close up of frame 7: the lamp propped on books

Frame	Issue encountered	Why it happens	Opportunity it opens
3	Two hands needed to move the lamp	Weighted base, stiff joints	One handed repositioning
4	Hard shadow across the piece	Small undiffused emitter close to the work	A larger, diffused light source
5	Base enters the photograph	The base sits where the light needs to come from	A mount that frees the desk surface
6	Warm colour cast in the image	Fixed colour temperature around 2700K	Adjustable colour temperature
7	Cannot hold the light and shoot	Nothing holds the head above the work	Overhead positioning that stays put

Mr. K's methodThe table closes the strand, because the descriptors ask for a comprehensive analysis of the issues rather than a picture of them. Keep each cell to a phrase. Prose here is charged against the same 900 words the persona has already spent.

A · Empathize Strand 3: Existing product analysis, 1 of 4 6 / 35

Product 1: Weighted base LED task lamp

The persona’s current lamp · Manufacturer: [maker] · Price: [cost] · Tested: [date]

The lamp lighting the photography task

Detail of the joint or mount

A[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

Testing

Task tested:Photographing the same piece, and a ten minute detail task

Method:Illuminance measured at the work surface at 400mm, colour temperature from a grey card, and the time taken to reposition one handed

Result:

Aspect	What the product does	What it means for the redesign
Form and functionality	Lights one zone of the desk from a fixed corner, with a small emitter close to the work	[Implication]
Materials and components	Steel weighted base, painted aluminium shade, integrated LED board that cannot be replaced	[Implication]
Aesthetics and ergonomics	Glossy shade reflects in photographs; head is aimed by gripping the shade, which gets warm	[Implication]
Manufacture and construction	Pressed and folded sheet metal with a moulded base cap, built to a low unit cost	[Implication]
Environment and safety	Sealed LED board means the whole lamp is discarded when it fails; no exposed hot surfaces	[Implication]
User experience	Adequate for reading, weak for close craft work, and it cannot be moved without stopping work	[Implication]

Evaluation

Successes:

Weaknesses:

RangeFour products chosen to cover a typical range of approaches to the same problem: fixed and weighted, clamped and balanced, diffuse and stationary, portable and battery powered. Every one is tested on the same task, so the results can be compared and carried into the specification.

A · Empathize Strand 3: Existing product analysis, 2 of 4 7 / 35

Product 2: Spring balanced architect lamp, clamp mounted

Classic scissor arm pattern · Manufacturer: [maker] · Price: [cost] · Tested: [date]

The lamp lighting the photography task

Detail of the joint or mount

A[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

Testing

Task tested:Photographing the same piece, and a ten minute detail task

Method:Illuminance measured at the work surface at 400mm, colour temperature from a grey card, and the time taken to reposition one handed

Result:

Aspect	What the product does	What it means for the redesign
Form and functionality	Reaches across most of the desk and holds position anywhere in its range	[Implication]
Materials and components	Steel arms and springs, plastic head, screw clamp for the desk edge	[Implication]
Aesthetics and ergonomics	Large exposed mechanism, and the head is hot enough that it is moved by the arm instead	[Implication]
Manufacture and construction	Stamped steel arms with riveted joints and tension springs, a mature and cheap mechanism	[Implication]
Environment and safety	Long lever arm can tip a light desk; pinch points at the joints	[Implication]
User experience	Reaches well, but the arm drifts once the springs weaken, and both hands are used to aim it	[Implication]

Evaluation

Successes:

Weaknesses:

A · Empathize Strand 3: Existing product analysis, 3 of 4 8 / 35

Product 3: Ring light on a tripod stand

Bought for photography, kept boxed · Manufacturer: [maker] · Price: [cost] · Tested: [date]

The lamp lighting the photography task

Detail of the joint or mount

A[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

Testing

Task tested:Photographing the same piece, and a ten minute detail task

Method:Illuminance measured at the work surface at 400mm, colour temperature from a grey card, and the time taken to reposition one handed

Result:

Aspect	What the product does	What it means for the redesign
Form and functionality	Produces even, diffuse, colour adjustable light aimed at one fixed point	[Implication]
Materials and components	Moulded plastic ring, diffuser panel, aluminium tripod with a phone clamp	[Implication]
Aesthetics and ergonomics	Large flat emitter gives soft shadows, and the colour temperature control is on the cable	[Implication]
Manufacture and construction	Injection moulded housing with a bonded diffuser, assembled with self tapping screws	[Implication]
Environment and safety	Tripod legs take floor space and are a trip hazard in a shared room	[Implication]
User experience	The best light quality of the four, and the slowest to set up, which is why it goes unused	[Implication]

Evaluation

Successes:

Weaknesses:

A · Empathize Strand 3: Existing product analysis, 4 of 4 9 / 35

Product 4: Clip-on rechargeable gooseneck lamp

Portable, battery powered · Manufacturer: [maker] · Price: [cost] · Tested: [date]

The lamp lighting the photography task

Detail of the joint or mount

A[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation on the image, 10 words maximum]

Testing

Task tested:Photographing the same piece, and a ten minute detail task

Method:Illuminance measured at the work surface at 400mm, colour temperature from a grey card, and the time taken to reposition one handed

Result:

Aspect	What the product does	What it means for the redesign
Form and functionality	Clips to a shelf or a board edge and aims a narrow beam at a small area	[Implication]
Materials and components	Flexible steel gooseneck in a plastic sleeve, moulded clip, internal lithium cell	[Implication]
Aesthetics and ergonomics	Light and quick to move, but the beam is narrow and the colour is fixed and cool	[Implication]
Manufacture and construction	Moulded parts and a bought-in gooseneck, assembled by hand	[Implication]
Environment and safety	Battery is not user replaceable, and the clip marks a painted desk edge	[Implication]
User experience	Moves in a second, which is what the persona wants, at a light quality too narrow to photograph with	[Implication]

Evaluation

Successes:

Weaknesses:

B · Define Strand 1: Problem statement 10 / 35

Problem statement

Where the writing goesCriterion B carries 1,200 words, the largest allocation on the project, in the smallest page allocation. This is the one place in the report where sustained paragraphs belong.

The current situation

[Name] is a freelance maker who sells handmade goods online. They work at a 1.2m desk against the wall of a shared room for two to three hours most evenings, and photograph a batch of finished pieces roughly once a week. The desk carries three zones of activity: a cutting mat, a sewing machine, and a corner kept clear for photographs. There is no ceiling light above the desk, and the window to the left is dark by [time] in winter.

All of this work is lit by a single weighted base LED task lamp, fixed in one corner of the desk, with a ring light that stays in its box because setting it up takes longer than the photographs do.

The current problem

The existing lamp cannot be positioned above or across the work, which means [Name] cannot light a piece evenly for photography or see fine detail without their own hand shadowing the work. Frames 4 and 5 of the task analysis show the failure: the head will not reach over the piece without the base entering the camera frame, so the light arrives from one side and half the subject falls into shadow.

Moving the lamp is itself a problem. It takes two hands, which the persona does not have free, and the cable snags on tools as the base is dragged. The consequence in frame 8 is images that are inconsistent enough to cause returns when a buyer sees the real colour of a piece.

Source	What it showed
Primary persona	Image quality drives sales, so lighting is a business requirement rather than a comfort one
Task analysis	The task fails at frames 4 to 6: the head cannot get above the work, and the colour is fixed and warm
Product analysis	Products 1, 2 and 4 move or reach but light poorly; product 3 lights well but takes too long to set up
Why this problem	No product tested combines a diffuse, colour adjustable source with a mount that can be repositioned one handed

Opportunities for redesign

1.Position a diffuse light source directly above the work, clear of the camera frame (frames 4 and 5)

2.Reposition and aim the light with one hand, without stopping the task (frames 3 and 7)

3.Free the desk surface the current base occupies, and give control of colour temperature (frames 6 and 8)

B · Define Strand 2: Design specification, 1 of 3 11 / 35

Design specification

Grouped under the guide’s categories. User experience is required, and every point is written so that a model can be tested against it.

Explain, do not listThe descriptors ask for requirements that are explained with reference to the research. A bare list of requirements sits in the lower bands however sensible the requirements are, so every row carries its evidence and the source it came from.

#	Category	Requirement	Explanation, with reference to research	Source	Priority
1	User needs	Light any of the three desk zones from one mounting position	The persona moves between cutting mat, sewing machine and photo corner in a single session	Persona, storyboard 3	Essential
2	User needs	Repositioned and re-aimed with one hand in under 5 seconds	Frame 3: two hands are needed, and the other hand is holding the work	Storyboard, frame 3	Essential
3	Functions	Deliver at least [target] lux at the work surface, 400mm from the emitter	[Measured on products 1 to 4; the current lamp reads [x], too low for the phone camera at low ISO]	Products 1 to 4	Essential
4	Functions	Colour temperature adjustable across 2700K to 5600K	Frame 6: a fixed warm source gives a yellow cast, and pieces have been returned over colour	Persona, storyboard 6	Essential
5	Functions	Stepless dimming from full output to roughly 10 per cent	Detail work and photography need different levels; product 3 has this and the persona uses it	Product 3	Essential
6	Attributes	Diffused emitting area of at least 100cm²	Frame 4: a small undiffused emitter throws a hard shadow across the piece	Storyboard 4, product 1	Essential
7	Functions	Head positionable directly above the work, at least 450mm above the desk	Frame 5: the arm could not reach over the piece without the base entering the shot	Storyboard, frame 5	Essential

B · Define Strand 2: Design specification, 2 of 3 12 / 35

Design specification

Grouped under the guide’s categories. User experience is required, and every point is written so that a model can be tested against it.

#	Category	Requirement	Explanation, with reference to research	Source	Priority
8	Constraints	Occupies no desk surface, or no more than [x] cm² of it	The base permanently holds a corner of a 1.2m desk in a room with no second surface	Persona, storyboard 5	Essential
9	Attributes	Holds any set position without drifting under its own weight	Product 2 sagged after adjustment once the springs had aged	Product 2	Essential
10	Attributes	Head mass under [x] g so it can be lifted and aimed one handed	Frame 3: the current lamp is too heavy to move without putting the work down	Storyboard 3	Essential
11	Safety	No touchable surface above 45°C after 30 minutes at full output	Products 1 and 2 are aimed by gripping the head, which becomes too hot to hold	Products 1 and 2	Essential
12	Safety	No tipping under a [x] N sideways push at full extension	Frame 7: propped on books, the lamp was unstable next to a finished piece	Storyboard 7	Essential
13	Constraints	Mounts to a desk between 18mm and 40mm thick without tools	Measured on the persona’s desk; the clamp on product 2 needs a screwdriver to move	Product 2, persona	Essential
14	Components	Uses an off the shelf LED module and driver	A bought-in module keeps the electrical work within what the workshop can safely build	Manufacture	Essential
15	Constraints	Total material cost under [budget]	The cost ceiling set for this project	Project brief	Essential

B · Define Strand 2: Design specification, 3 of 3 13 / 35

Design specification

Grouped under the guide’s categories. User experience is required, and every point is written so that a model can be tested against it.

PriorityEssential means the design fails if the point is not met. Desirable means the design is improved by it, but its absence is not a failure. Criterion C tests every idea against these numbers and criterion D tests the models against them again, so each one is written to be measurable.

#	Category	Requirement	Explanation, with reference to research	Source	Priority
16	Manufacture	Made with 3D printing, laser cutting and hand assembly	These are the processes available, and they set what the geometry can be	Workshop equipment	Essential
17	UX	No tools needed to move, aim or remount the light	The persona avoids anything that has to be set up, which is why the ring light stays boxed	Persona preferences	Essential
18	UX	Controls reachable and operable without looking away from the work	Both hands and the eyes are occupied during the detail task	Persona, storyboard 4	Desirable
19	Environment	Cable routed clear of the work surface, or cordless for at least [x] minutes	Frame 3: the cable snags on tools whenever the lamp is moved	Storyboard 3	Desirable
20	Environment	LED module and any battery replaceable with hand tools	Products 1 and 4 are discarded whole when the LED or the cell fails	Products 1 and 4	Desirable
21	Aesthetics	Matte, non reflective finish in a neutral colour	The glossy shade on product 1 reflects in photographs taken beside it	Product 1	Desirable

C · Ideation Strand 1: Design idea 1 of 3 14 / 35

Idea 1: Balanced arm with a detachable head

Feasible means buildableThree different mechanisms rather than three trims of one idea: an arm that reaches, a rail that slides, and a panel that leaves altogether. Each has to be something the workshop can build, because criterion D requires a physical model of whichever one is selected.

Sketch: clamped arm reaching over the desk

Sketch: head lifted off its magnetic mount

ASpring balanced arm, clamps to the desk edge

BHead detaches from a magnetic dock

CDiffuser panel spreads light over the whole piece

DStandard tripod thread behind the head

Concept

A spring balanced parallel arm clamps to the back edge of the desk and carries the head anywhere above the work. The head itself lifts off a magnetic dock, so it can be held, set down beside a piece, or screwed onto the camera tripod, and dropped back onto the arm one handed. The arm solves reach and the detachable head solves portability, where products 2 and 4 each solved only one of the two.

C · Ideation Strand 1: Design idea 1, development 15 / 35

Opportunities addressed

•Opportunity 1: the arm puts a diffuse source directly above the work (frames 4 and 5)

•Opportunity 2: the magnetic dock is a one handed action (frames 3 and 7)

•Spec points: 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 17

Materials and feasibility

Proposed materials:Aluminium tube arms with 3D printed knuckles, a printed head housing, and a laser cut acrylic diffuser. The counterbalance spring is a bought-in part.

Risks:The balance mechanism is the risk. Getting a spring rate that holds position across the whole range, at the head mass in point 10, needs testing rather than calculation.

Required evidenceThe iterative development below is required evidence for this strand on every idea, not only on the one that is selected. Show the before and the after on the page so the change is visible rather than described.

Iterative development

Before: the idea as first drawn

After: the idea once changed

Additional research carried out:

Feedback received, and from whom:

What changed as a result:

C · Ideation Strand 1: Design idea 2 of 3 16 / 35

Idea 2: Desk edge rail and sliding carriage

Sketch: rail along the back edge of the desk

Sketch: carriage and telescoping stem

ARail clamps along the back edge, no desk surface used

BCarriage slides and locks anywhere on the rail

CTelescoping stem sets the working height

DPower runs inside the rail, no trailing cable

Concept

An extruded rail clamps along the back edge of the desk. A carriage rides the rail, locks with a lever, and carries a telescoping stem and the light head. Rather than moving the whole lamp between the three work zones, the persona slides the head along the desk. Power is carried in the rail, which removes the snagging cable of frame 3 entirely.

C · Ideation Strand 1: Design idea 2, development 17 / 35

Opportunities addressed

•Opportunity 1: the stem reaches over the work from behind it (frames 4 and 5)

•Opportunity 2: sliding the carriage is one handed and needs no lifting (frame 3)

•Opportunity 3: nothing at all stands on the desk (frames 5 and 8)

Materials and feasibility

Proposed materials:Aluminium extrusion rail, 3D printed carriage with printed or bought rollers, telescoping aluminium stem, laser cut diffuser frame.

Risks:Feasible, but the rail has to be made to fit one desk depth and edge thickness. Contact for the power rail is the harder problem, and a flexible cable inside the rail may be the safer answer for a prototype.

Iterative development

Before: the idea as first drawn

After: the idea once changed

Additional research carried out:

Feedback received, and from whom:

What changed as a result:

C · Ideation Strand 1: Design idea 3 of 3 18 / 35

Idea 3: Cordless panel with a weighted dock

Sketch: panel lifted out of its dock

Sketch: panel on the camera tripod

ABattery panel lifts out and goes anywhere

BWeighted dock charges it between uses

CLarge diffused emitting face, soft shadows

DTripod thread and a magnet on the back

Concept

A flat, battery powered LED panel sits in a weighted dock that charges it. The panel lifts out with one hand and can be stood, clipped, magnetically stuck, or screwed to the camera tripod, so the light goes exactly where the shot needs it and returns to the dock when the session ends. This is the ring light idea reduced to something that never has to be unpacked.

C · Ideation Strand 1: Design idea 3, development 19 / 35

Opportunities addressed

•Opportunity 2: lifting the panel out is a single one handed action (frames 3 and 7)

•Opportunity 3: colour temperature and brightness are on the panel itself (frame 6)

•Spec points: 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 17, 19

Materials and feasibility

Proposed materials:Laser cut acrylic diffuser over an off the shelf LED module, 3D printed frame, lithium cell with a bought-in protection and charging board, printed dock with a steel weight.

Risks:The battery is both the appeal and the risk. Cell selection, charging and runtime against point 19 all need to be settled early, and the school may set limits on which cells can be used.

Iterative development

Before: the idea as first drawn

After: the idea once changed

Additional research carried out:

Feedback received, and from whom:

What changed as a result:

C · Ideation Strand 2: Evaluating the ideas against the specification 20 / 35

Choosing the idea to take forward

Mr. K's methodA matrix is not required by the guide. It is one compact way to evaluate the ideas against the specification through testing and user feedback, which the descriptors do ask for. Keep it small, because the required evidence for this strand is the annotated presentation drawing on the next page.

Spec #	Specification, abbreviated	Tested how
2	One handed, under 5 seconds	Timed repositioning, five trials each
3	[target] lux at 400mm	Lux meter at the work surface
4	2700K to 5600K adjustable	Grey card, camera white balance
6	Diffused area over 100cm²	Measured, and shadow edge photographed
7	Head 450mm above the desk	Measured at full extension
8	No desk surface occupied	Measured footprint
9	Holds position, no drift	Left loaded for 30 minutes
17	No tools to move or aim	User feedback from the persona

User feedback

Who was consulted:[Name], at their own desk

What was tested, and how:Card mock-ups of all three at full size, moved through the storyboard task

What they said about each idea:

Selection

Selected:[Idea number and name]

Why, using the evidence above:

C · Ideation Strand 2: The selected idea 21 / 35

Selected idea: [name]

Required evidenceThis page carries the annotated presentation drawing of the chosen idea. A written justification or a scoring table alone does not satisfy the strand. Annotate the key features, the specification points each one answers, and what changed in response to the testing and the user feedback on the previous page.

Annotated presentation drawing of the selected idea

A[Key feature, and the spec point it meets]

B[Key feature, and the spec point it meets]

C[Key feature, and the spec point it meets]

D[Change made after user feedback]

E[Change made after testing]

F[Material or key dimension]

D · Design Strand 1: Fidelity model 1 22 / 35

Model 1: Card and foam mock-up, full size

Testing for: Reach and shadow position

RequiredYou must develop a physical fidelity model for testing and evaluation. Photograph every model, including the ones that fail. Criterion D has ten pages and 300 words, so the evidence here is photographic and the annotations stay at 10 words each.

Photograph of the model

The model being tested with the intended user

A[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

Spec points tested	Tested with	What is being measured	Result, and the change it forces
1, 6, 7, 8	Held over the persona’s own work at the desk	Whether the head can sit above a piece without entering the camera frame	[Result, then the change for the next model]

D · Design Strand 1: Fidelity model 2 23 / 35

Model 2: Printed joint and mount test pieces

Testing for: Holding position under load

Photograph of the model

The model being tested with the intended user

A[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

Spec points tested	Tested with	What is being measured	Result, and the change it forces
2, 9, 13	Loaded with a dummy head of the target mass	Whether the joint holds after repeated adjustment, and what torque is needed to move it	[Result, then the change for the next model]

D · Design Strand 1: Fidelity model 3 24 / 35

Model 3: Laser cut diffuser with the LED module

Testing for: Light output and evenness

What earns the top bandEach cycle needs a test, a result, and a change that follows from the result. A row of photographs with no measured outcome reads as making rather than as development.

Photograph of the model

The model being tested with the intended user

A[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

Spec points tested	Tested with	What is being measured	Result, and the change it forces
3, 5, 6, 11	Measured at the desk, then photographed by the persona	Illuminance at 400mm, evenness across the piece, and surface temperature after 30 minutes	[Result, then the change for the next model]

D · Design Strand 1: Fidelity model 4 25 / 35

Model 4: Printed head with quick release mount

Testing for: One handed repositioning

Photograph of the model

The model being tested with the intended user

A[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

Spec points tested	Tested with	What is being measured	Result, and the change it forces
2, 10, 17	The persona, running the storyboard task	Time to move and re-aim, and whether it can be done without putting the work down	[Result, then the change for the next model]

D · Design Strand 1: Fidelity model 5 26 / 35

Model 5: Full assembly, working prototype

Testing for: Stability, cable and controls

Photograph of the model

The model being tested with the intended user

A[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

B[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

C[Annotation, 10 words maximum]

Spec points tested	Tested with	What is being measured	Result, and the change it forces
12, 14, 18, 19	The persona, over a full evening session	Tipping under a sideways push, cable clearance, and whether the controls can be found without looking	[Result, then the change for the next model]

D · Design Strand 1: Final model, tested against every specification point 27 / 35

Final model

Cover all of themThe top band asks for testing against the design specifications, so this table runs through all 21 numbered points rather than a selection of the ones that passed. Say plainly where a point is only partially met, and what you would change with more time.

Final model, whole

Final model in use at the desk

Detail of the mount

Spec #	Requirement, abbreviated	Test method	Result
2	One handed, under 5 seconds	Timed, five trials	[Result]
3	[target] lux at 400mm	Lux meter	[Result]
4	2700K to 5600K	Grey card	[Result]
6	Diffused area over 100cm²	Measured	[Result]
7	450mm above the desk	Measured	[Result]
9	Holds position, no drift	30 minute hold	[Result]
11	Under 45°C where touched	Thermometer at 30 min	[Result]
12	No tipping under [x] N	Push test	[Result]
…	Continue through all 21 points

Outstanding gaps, and what you would change with more time:

D · Design Strand 2: Design drawings, assembled view 28 / 35

Assembled drawing

Formal from here onThese are formal drawings. The informal sketching allowed in the modelling strand does not carry over. A third party should be able to manufacture the lamp from these four pages alone, so dimensions, proportions and assembly all have to be readable.

Assembled view of the lamp, dimensioned and annotated

1Overall height and reach at full extension

2Emitting face size and diffuser material

3Mount interface and desk thickness range

D · Design Strand 2: Design drawings, exploded view 29 / 35

Exploded drawing and assembly

Exploded view, parts numbered in assembly order

No.	Part	Qty	Material	Process, and how it joins
1	Mount or clamp body	1	[Material]	[Process and fixing]
2	Arm or stem	[1]	[Material]	[Process and fixing]
3	Joint knuckle	[2]	3D printed [polymer]	FDM printed, [fastener]
4	Head housing	1	3D printed [polymer]	FDM printed, snap or screw fixed
5	Diffuser panel	1	Laser cut [acrylic], [thickness]	Laser cut, held in a printed frame
6	LED module	1	Bought-in part [model]	Screwed to the heatsink face
7	Driver or control board	1	Bought-in part [model]	Housed in [location]
8	Cable and strain relief	1	[Cable spec]	Routed through [path]

Mr. K's methodA bill of materials is not named in the guide. If you include one, number the parts to match the exploded view so the two pages read together. If pages are tight, the drawings come first.

D · Design Strand 2: Orthographic projection, landscape 30 / 35

The one orientation exceptionA4 portrait is required throughout the report except for the detailed dimension drawings in criterion D, which may use another orientation. Landscape is worth taking here, because a third angle projection of an arm at a readable scale rarely fits the portrait page.

Front elevation, dimensioned

Side elevation, dimensioned

Plan view, dimensioned

Section through the head, and a detail of the mount interface at a larger scale

D · Design Strand 2: Assembly and detail drawings 31 / 35

Assembly and details

Assembly sequence, or a section through the joint

Detail of the quick release, enlarged

Detail	What it shows	Critical dimension	Spec point it serves
A	Mount interface to the desk edge	[Jaw range, 18 to 40mm]	13, no tools to mount
B	Joint or lock mechanism	[Torque or clamp force]	9, holds position without drift
C	Head to arm interface	[Engagement depth, pull off force]	2 and 17, one handed release
D	Diffuser to LED spacing	[Distance, mm]	6, diffused emitting area

Page budgetOne to two images per page across these four pages, so nothing becomes unreadable once the report is scanned. Assembled, exploded and orthographic all appear in this set, which is what the required evidence names.

E · Present Strand 1: The redesigned solution 32 / 35

The redesigned solution: [lamp name]

Annotation, not essayCriterion E has 200 words for both strands together. Present this as though to a third-party manufacturer: photographs of the prototype, renders or formal views, with every key feature annotated at 10 words or fewer.

The finished lamp, hero view

The lamp at the persona’s desk, lit

ADiffused emitting face, [size], soft shadows

BHead reaches [height] above the desk surface

COne handed release, no tools needed

DColour temperature 2700K to 5600K, stepless dimming

EMount fits desks 18mm to 40mm thick

E · Present Strand 1: Key features 33 / 35

Second view

Third view, or a render

Detail or cutaway of the mount

Every remaining key feature, annotated

FDiffuser [material], [thickness], removable for cleaning

GBought-in LED module, replaceable with hand tools

HControls on [location], reachable without looking

IPrinted in [polymer], [layer height], [infill]

JMatte finish, chosen to avoid reflections in photographs

KCable routed [path], clear of the work surface

Comprehensive means allThe top band asks for the key features to be annotated, so work through the list until there are none left rather than stopping at the three most photogenic. The presentation itself, whether a slide show, a talk or something online, is your choice and is not assessed. These two pages are.

E · Present Strand 2: Improvement on the existing product 34 / 35

Comparison with the original product

Original product: the weighted base LED task lamp analysed as product 1 on page 6.

Original lamp lighting the task, annotated

Redesign lighting the same task, same camera settings

Requirement	Original product	Redesigned solution	Evidence
2. One handed in under 5 seconds	[Time measured]	[Time measured]	Timed repositioning, five trials
3. [target] lux at 400mm	[Reading]	[Reading]	Lux meter at the work surface
4. Adjustable colour temperature	Fixed, about 2700K	[Range achieved]	Grey card, camera white balance
6. Diffused area over 100cm²	[Emitter area]	[Emitter area]	Measured, shadow edge photographed
7. Head 450mm above the desk	Cannot reach over the work	[Height achieved]	Measured at full extension
8. Desk surface occupied	[Footprint]	[Footprint]	Measured footprint

Mr. K's methodA table is not required. What it buys you is density: one row carries a requirement, the original lamp’s performance, the redesign’s performance and the evidence, in less than a sentence of prose. With 200 words for the whole criterion, that matters.

E · Present Strand 2: Intended use, and fit to the user 35 / 35

How the solution is intended to be used

Persona at frame 4, the stage that used to fail

Persona completing the shot

Light moved to the sewing zone

AHead sits above the piece, clear of the frame

BMoved between zones without putting work down

Problem identified in criterion A	How the redesign addresses it
Head cannot reach over the work (frame 5)	[Reach achieved, and the evidence for it]
Two hands needed to reposition (frame 3)	[Timed result, and what the persona said]
Warm fixed colour cast (frame 6)	[Colour temperature range, and a comparison photograph]
Base occupies the desk corner	[Footprint, before and after]
Still outstanding	[What remains, and what you would change]

User response

The persona, testing both lamps on the same task:

Original result:

Redesign result:

The last pageThe examiner stops reading at 35 pages, so nothing may follow this one. Sources are footnoted on the page where they are used, which is why there is no bibliography: it would cost a page, and the guide does not ask for one.